ESP32

Introduction The ESP32 DOIT DevKit v1 is one of the most popular development boards for IoT and embedded systems projects. It’s a powerful microcontroller that comes with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth built-in, making it perfect for smart devices, automation, and sensor-based applications. In this tutorial, we’ll set up the ESP32 for programming using the Arduino IDE, […]

Introduction The LED blink program is often called the “Hello World” of embedded systems. It’s the simplest way to test if your ESP32 is working properly and if you can control an output device. In this tutorial, we will blink an external LED connected to GPIO 12 of the ESP32 DOIT DevKit v1. This will […]

Introduction An RGB LED is a special LED that can emit Red, Green, and Blue light. By combining these three colors in different intensities, we can create almost any color. There are two types of RGB LEDs: In this tutorial, we’ll control a Common Anode RGB LED using the ESP32 DOIT DevKit v1. Components Required […]

Introduction A Push Button is a simple input device used to control circuits. When pressed, it makes a connection between its terminals and sends a digital signal to the ESP32. In this tutorial, we’ll use a Push Button connected to GPIO 5 of ESP32 DOIT DevKit v1. When the button is pressed, the onboard LED […]

Introduction A buzzer is a simple sound-producing device that can be controlled using a microcontroller. There are two types of buzzers: In this tutorial, we’ll use a buzzer connected to GPIO 4 of ESP32 DOIT DevKit v1 and make it beep using the Arduino IDE. Components Required Circuit Diagram ⚠️ If using a passive buzzer, […]

Introduction An LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) is a sensor that changes its resistance based on light intensity: By connecting the LDR to an analog input pin of ESP32, we can measure the light intensity and use it in IoT projects. In this tutorial, we’ll connect the LDR to GPIO 35 of ESP32 DOIT DevKit v1 […]

Introduction A potentiometer (often called a pot) is a variable resistor that allows you to adjust resistance manually by rotating its knob. It is commonly used for volume control, brightness adjustment, and sensor calibration. When connected to an ESP32, a potentiometer works as a voltage divider, giving an analog output that the ESP32 can read. […]

Introduction An LED can be turned ON or OFF using a digital pin, but controlling its brightness requires PWM (Pulse Width Modulation). The ESP32 supports PWM on almost all GPIOs, which makes it easy to adjust LED brightness smoothly. In this tutorial, we’ll use a potentiometer (GPIO 34) to control the brightness of an LED […]

Introduction The 1602 LCD is a 16×2 character display commonly used in electronics projects. Normally, it requires 16 pins for operation, which makes wiring complex. By using an I2C module (PCF8574) attached to the back of the LCD, we can reduce the connections to just 4 pins: VCC, GND, SDA, and SCL. In this tutorial, […]

Introduction The DHT11 is a low-cost digital sensor that measures temperature and humidity. It’s easy to use, but less accurate compared to the DHT22. It communicates with the ESP32 using a single digital pin, making it perfect for beginners’ IoT projects. In this tutorial, we’ll connect the DHT11 sensor to GPIO 25 of the ESP32 […]

Introduction The MQ-2 Gas Sensor is one of the most popular sensors for detecting gases like LPG, propane, methane, hydrogen, alcohol, and smoke. It works on the principle of resistance change—the sensor’s internal resistance decreases when exposed to gas, which changes the output voltage. The MQ-2 module provides both: In this tutorial, we will connect […]

Introduction The Capacitive Soil Moisture Sensor is widely used in smart farming and gardening projects. Unlike the resistive type, it does not corrode easily, making it more durable for long-term use. The sensor measures the dielectric constant of soil: wetter soil has a higher dielectric constant, which changes the sensor’s output voltage. The sensor provides […]

Introduction The HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor is widely used for distance measurement in robotics, automation, and obstacle detection projects. It works by sending out ultrasonic waves and measuring the time it takes for the waves to bounce back after hitting an object. The ESP32 makes an excellent choice for working with the HC-SR04 because it offers […]

Introduction The DS18B20 is a digital temperature sensor that provides highly accurate temperature readings over a range of -55°C to +125°C. Unlike analog sensors, it communicates over the OneWire protocol, which means multiple DS18B20 sensors can be connected to a single pin of the ESP32. Key features include: In this tutorial, we will: Components Required […]

Introduction A relay module is an electrically operated switch that allows your ESP32 to control high-voltage or high-current devices like lights, fans, motors, and other home appliances. Since the ESP32 operates at 3.3V logic and can’t directly handle high power loads, the relay acts as a bridge between low-power control (ESP32) and high-power devices (AC/DC). […]

Introduction The HC-SR501 PIR (Passive Infrared) sensor is used to detect motion by sensing infrared radiation from objects, mainly humans and animals. It’s widely used in security systems, automatic lights, and smart IoT projects. Key features: In this tutorial, we’ll connect the HC-SR501 PIR sensor to ESP32 (GPIO 18), read motion detection signals, and display […]

Introduction The NEO-6M GPS module is a powerful, low-cost GPS receiver that allows your ESP32 projects to access real-time location data, including latitude, longitude, altitude, and time. GPS technology is widely used in applications such as navigation systems, asset tracking, robotics, weather stations, and even agriculture monitoring. The ESP32 DOIT Kit v1, with its built-in […]

Introduction The SG90 servo motor is a lightweight and low-cost motor commonly used in robotics, IoT, and automation projects. Unlike DC motors, which rotate continuously, a servo motor can be controlled to move to a specific angle (0°–180°) with great precision. The ESP32, with its PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) capability, is perfect for controlling servo […]